Cultivator



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

.r n S0 EM Vv In .1m HG OOOHQ N. PETERS, PHcTU-LITHCGRAPHER. wAsmNGTpN, n t:

2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

(NO Model.)

H. IVBS. Cultivator.

No. 231,582. Patented Aug. 24,1880i gw zfwfw:

JIP/702% #yf .PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPMEH. WASHINGTON. D CA NITED STATES PATENT @Erica HENRY IVES, OF BATAVIA, NEW YORK.

CULTIVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,582, dated August 24, 1880.

Application tiled May 8, 1880.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, HENRY IVEs, of Batavia, in the county of Genesee and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improve ments in (lultivators, of which the following` is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a cultivator which is designed to loosen, scarify, or agitate the ground between the rows of growing crops, such as corn, potatoes, and beans.

My invention consists, principally, of a cultivator composed of two rearwardly-converging sets of rotating teeth arranged on opposite sides of the row of plan ts to be cultivated, whereby the teeth are caused to enter and open the ground on both sides of the row of plants and adjacent thereto as the machineis drawn along; also, in combining with a cultivator composed of two sets of rotating teeth curved teeth arranged on the outer side of the rotating teeth parallel with the line of draft, whereby the ground between the rows of plants is opened; also of several details in the construction of the parts which constitute my improved machine, as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanyingdrawings, consisting` of two sheets, Figure l is a rear elevation of my improved cultivator. Fig. 2 is a top-plan view, and Fig. 3 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation on an enlarged scale, partly in section, of a pair of sets of rotating teeth and connecting parts. Fig. 5 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the sleeve by which the arms which carry the rotating teeth are attached to the frame of the machine. Fig. 6 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale,

of one ofthe curved teeth and connecting parts.

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the sleeve to which the arm ofthe curved tooth is attached. Fig. 8 is a side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the mechanism by which the iront part of the frame is raised and lowered. Fig. 9 is a perspective View of a broad cultiVator-tooth adapted to be applied to the curved teeth of myimproved machine.

Like letters of reference designate similar parts in the several figures.

a represents the shaft, upon which the (No model.)

' wheels A are mounted so as to turn loosely thereon. The wheels A are held against lateral movement on the shaft a by collars b, which are secured to the shaft by set-screws, so that by shifting the collars b on the shafta the wheels can be laterally adjusted on the shaft to correspond with the distance between the rows of plants which are to be cultivated.

The machine represented in the drawings is designed to cultivate three rows at a time, the requisite number of teeth for cultivating a row being arranged, respectively, between the wheels and on the outside of each wheel.

C represents a bar or rod arranged in front of th'e wheels A parallel with the shaft a, and connected with the latter by a bent bar or rod, l), the front portion of which is arranged parallel with the shaft a and the bar I), and in front ot' the latter, while its ends are bentand extended backward over the bar C to the shaft a., as shown at d. The bar D is connected with the bar C by a clip, d', and each of the rearwardly-extending portions d of the barD is provided with a bearing, cl2, in which the shaft a can turn.

rlhe bars C and l) may be constructed of iron pipe, if preferred, and they, together with the shaft a, constitute the frame of the machine.

E represents a set of radial teeth which are slightly curved at their points and connected to a hub, e, which turns freely on an arbor, f. Two sets of teeth, E, are arranged to operate simultaneously upon the ground adjacent to each row of plants on opposite sides thereof.

The arborfis constructed in the form of an elbow, the horizontal portion of which supports the hub c, while its vertical portion is inserted in a socket, g, formed in each end of a U-shaped bar or rod, G, the bend of which is made of sufficient width and height to clear the row of growing` plants which it straddles. The U-shaped bar G is preferably constructed of iron pipe, and the upright portion of the arbor j' is secured in each open end thereof by a set-screw, g. The horizontal portion of the arbor j' is made somewhat longer than the hub e, and the spaces on the arbor are filled by thimbles or sleeves h, which are held on the arbor by a screw-nut, h', and which can be removed and be exchanged for shorter or longer ones wlieil it isdesired to change the position ot' the toothed wheel l on the arbor.

The two sets of radial teeth or toothed wheels E, which are attached to the same U-sliaped bar G, and which are designed to operate upon opposite sides of the same row ot' plants, have their arbors arranged at an angle to the line of draft, so that the two sets otl teeth which are connected together converge rearwardly at a greater or less angle, which can beadjiisted by turning the upright portionsot' the arhorsfin their sockets.

H H represent two parallel arms having their rear ends connected ivitli the vertical portion of the arbors 1', below the U-shaped frame (l, by means ot' a socket formed on the arms II, and through which the vertical portion of the arborf passes. The arms ll extend forward under the shaft i and rod (I, and are attached with their forward ends to a sleeve, I, which surrounds the bart, and is provided with two downwardly-proiecting lugs, i', to which the forward ends otl the arms ll are pivoted.

The sleeve l is secured to the bai-( by a setscrew, 1".

i represents a chain which connects each arm H with the shat't u, upon which the chain is wound, and to which it is attached b v acollar,j, which is fastened to the shaft (i b v a setscrew. Upon releasing the set-screws otthe sleeve I and the collarsj the aiiiis ll, with the U-sliaped bar and the toothed wheels E,

i i l attached thereto, can be adjusted latei'all v,as 1 maybe necessary to correspond with the distance between the several rows ot' plants to be cultivated.

K represents curved teeth arranged singly on the outer sides of the toothed wheels l and 1n planes parallel with the line ot'dratt. 'lhe teeth K are pivoted at their upper ends to t'orwardly-extending arms L, which are slotted at their rear ends to receive the lient upper end, i

lc, of each tooth K. A satety-pin. If', isiiiserted through the slotted portion ot' the arm L and the bent portion otl the tooth l\', so that when the tooth strikes an obstruction which it is unable to overcome the pin l." will break and re lease the tooth, thereby preventing the breaking of the tooth. The t'oiked forward end, I, of each ariii L is pivoted to an adjustable sleeve, I, like that to which the arms 1I are pivoted.

The lower ends ot' the teeth l( are curved forward, so as to enter the ground easily, and they serve not only to loosen the ground, but also raise to the surface any grass or weeds that they may strike. The teeth li are made square in cross-section and tapering to a point, so that an ordinary cultivator-tooth, M, provided. on its rear side with a socket, ni, of corresponding forni maybe slipped on each tooth K when desired.

The arms L are connected with the shaft a l l i I by chains j and adjustable collars j', in the same manner in which the arms H are con iiected with the shaft (i.

N represents the draft-pole, which is connected with the front cross-bar, D, ot' the frame by a clip, ii, and braces u. The rear end otl the pole N is provided with an open frame, O, in which is arranged ablock, p, through which the cross-bar t) passes. q is a screw which passes vertically` through the rear portion ot' the block p, and which is held against vertical movement in the. frame O by collars or nuts q. The screw l is provided above the frame t) with a liand-craiik, q2. By turning thc screw q in one or the other direction, the block p and the rod (l, held therein, are raised or lowered, and the forward end ot thc frame of the machine is correspondingly lowered or raised, thereby adjusting the height at which the forward ends ot' the arms H and L are carried.

1t represents a gear-wheel secured to the shat't a, and r is a woriii-wheel meshing with the wheel It and secured to a shaft, i". The latter turns in hearings r2, secured to a bar, s, which is secured to the frame of the machine in any suitable manner. The rear end of the shat't r is provided with a hand-crank, r3. By turning the crank r3 in one or the other direction the shaft a, is turned in its bearings, andthe chains)- are wound upon the shaft a o1' uiiwouiid therefrom, thereby raising or lowering the rear ends ot` the arms H and L and theteeth attached thereto. By this means the depth to which the teeth enter the ground can be regulated, and when the teeth are not desii-ed to enter the ground they can be raised and carried above the ground.

As the machine is drawn along over the rows of growing plants the rotating teeth enter the ground, and in turning on their arbor they open the ground from the point where they enter toward the plants without turning the ground over. The ground is thereby loosened in close proximity to the plants, and the latter are prevented from being covered with earth, which frequently happens with ordinary cnltivators, to the great damage of the growing plants. The curved teeth K at the same time loosen the ground between the hills or rows ot' plants and remove the weeds from that portion of the ground upon which they operate. When the plants have grown so high that the bent bars G do not clear them any longer the latter, with the rotating teeth attached thereto, are removed, and, if desired,

ordinary cultivator-points may now be attached to the curved teeth, as shown in Fig. 9, as the plants are now so large that they are no longer in danger ot' being covered with earth.

M y improved machine is easily adjusted to the different widths at which therows ot'plants may be located, and as it operates upon three rows at a time it performs its work very eX- peditiously and economically.

IOO

IIO

I claim as my inventionl. In a cultivator, the combination of two sets ot' rotating pointed rods or teeth, E, converging rearwardly, and curved pointed rods or teeth K, arranged at suitable distances apart on the outer sides ofthe sets of rotating teeth in planes parallel `with the line of draft, Whereby the ground is opened or scarified Without being turned over on both sides of the saine row ot` plants and between the rows or hills, arch G, and drag-bars H L, substantially as set Jforth.

2. rlhe combination, with two sets of rotating teeth, E, of the connecting U-shaped bar G and arms H, whereby the ends of the bar G are connected with the frame of the machine, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the rotating teeth E, U-shaped connecting-bar G, and arms H, of the sleeve I, supporting the forward ends of the arms H, and made laterally adjustable on the frame of the machine, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the U-shaped bar G, provided with sockets g, ofthe elbow-shaped arbors f, inserted with their vertical portions adjustable in the sockets g and carrying upon their horizontal portions the hubs e, to which the teeth E are secured, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, With the shaft a, ofthe Wheels A, made laterally adjustable thereon, rotating teeth E, mounted on arborsf, which are attached to laterally-adjustable frames G H, and curved teeth K, arranged between the several sets of rotating teeth and secured to laterally-adjustable arms L, substantially as set forth.

HENRY IVES.

Witnesses:

M. D. BABoooK, W. HARRIs DAY. 

